The caption for this photo from UCLA's digital archive says "Student teachers take Pledge of Allegiance to the flag at UCLA, c1935." But when yours truly was in the first grade in 1948, he was taught that you (must!) put your hand on your heart during the pledge which you must also learn to recite "by heart." No alternatives were offered. And woe to the first grader who didn't do it.
More curious still, is the fact that the student teachers don't seem to be saying anything.
§172. Pledge of allegiance to the flag; manner of delivery
The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, “I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.”, should be rendered by standing at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart. When not in uniform men should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Persons in uniform should remain silent, face the flag, and render the military salute.
Source: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-1994-title36/html/USCODE-1994-title36-chap10.htm.
So, what were they teaching at UCLA in the mid-1930s?
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Source: https://digital.library.ucla.edu/catalog/ark:/21198/zz00255160.
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